Whether or not the greatest athletes in the world were born with their talents is an age-old debate and many people wonder if their genetic makeup influences their athletic abilities. As the science world explores genetic testing, humans are closer than ever to finding out the truth. Are athletic talents genetic?
The answer may be closer than we think. Scientific studies have examined elite athletes to determine areas in the genome that are associated with athleticism and there have been more than 150 variations linked to athletic performance. An early case study looks at Eero Mäntyranta, a Finnish Olympic Skier & 7-time Olympic medalist. Mäntyranta had a genetic mutation in his EPOR gene that enhanced his red blood cell count. Higher red blood cell counts lead to an increase in hemoglobin levels, endurance, and oxygen intake.
Related: Does Neutral Thinking and Mental Conditioning Improve Your Athletic Performance?
Scientists are also looking at two genes that influence the muscular system. The ACTN3 and ACE genes influence the type of muscular fiber that makes up muscle. Scientists have linked these two genes to increases in strength and endurance. The ACTN3 gene instructs the body to produce α-Actinin-3, a protein found in fast-twitch muscle fibers. An increase of fast-twitch muscle fibers is seen in athletes who rely on speed, agility, & strength, such as sprinters.
Some athletes have a variant of this genotype, referred to as 57XX. Individuals with this variant do not produce α-Actinin-3. This reduces the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers and increases the presence of slow-twitch muscle fibers, commonly seen among high-performing endurance athletes, such as long distance runners & cyclists.
Related: Sports Psychology and the Impact of Mental State on Physical Performance
It is difficult to boil down athletic talents to one specific genome. Scientists have concluded that athletic excellence is a combination of genetics, nutrition, & environment. Support from coaches, teams, family, and availability to athletic programs & resources all play a huge role in athletic prowess. Working hard at your sport will be one of the biggest indicators of athletic achievement. Yes, some athletes have a genetic predisposition for their talent. However, that can only carry you so far. Genes are influenced by your environment, which only increases the importance of working hard, eating right, and dreaming big.
“Have an idea for a story or a question you need answered? Want to set up an interview with us? Email us at [email protected]”
* Originally published on April 4, 2022, by Matthew Reichen
